Hormonal fluctuation and symptoms related to different menstrual cycle phases (MCP) may influence performance in professional women soccer players. The aim of this research project was to investigate the effect of different menstrual cycle phases on physical performance parameters, RPE, TQR and Well-Being in professional women soccer players during training and during official matches. Professional women soccer players were recruited and grouped according to menstrual cycle phase. Three studies were conducted, and menstrual cycle phases were identified thanks to the “counting days method”. In the last study we linked the counting days method with hormonal analysis performed on saliva samples. External load parameters were collected using GPS system during both training and matches. RPE (CR-10 scale) was recorded for the quantification of internal load and was collected between 15 and 30 min after each activity with an individual and private interview. Information regarding MCP, recovery TQR (CR-10 scale), quality of sleep, stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness was recorded by adopting a morning survey. In the first study athletes were monitored for 12 weeks during training. High speed running and total distance were significantly lower during menstruation week than post-ovulation week. A significant correlation was found in pre-cycle week between RPE and total distance, as well as between session-RPE with total distance and total time. In the second study, athletes were monitored for entire competitive season during matches. The highest distance per minute and the covered distance above 13 Km·h-1 were reported in the luteal phase, whereas the highest acceleration above 2.5 m·s-2 as found in the menstrual phase. RPE reported the highest value in the luteal phase. The highest stress value was found in the ovulation phase, whereas the lowest fatigue value in the follicular phase. In the third study, athletes were monitored for 12 weeks during training and during matches. Saliva samples were collected every five days. Were involved in the final analysis only the athletes that had performed all the training and matches included in a menstrual cycle. Preliminary results showed that an individual monitoring is required for better understand the interaction between menstrual cycle phases and performance parameters. An appropriate and individualized menstrual cycle monitoring is required for better interpretation of players’ response in elite women’s soccer activities. as reported in previous studies, cyclic changes in estrogen and progesterone have important implications for how female soccer players respond to exercise. Internal load, external load, recovery and well-being seems to be affected by these changes. Understanding these changes is important for the training planification, injury prevention and welfare of athletes.
Le fluttuazioni ormonali e i sintomi correlati alle diverse fasi del ciclo mestruale (MCP) possono influenzare le prestazioni delle calciatrici professioniste. Lo scopo di questo progetto di ricerca è stato quello di indagare l’effetto delle diverse fasi del ciclo mestruale sui parametri di prestazione fisica, sull’RPE, sul TQR e sul Benessere nelle calciatrici professioniste durante gli allenamenti e le partite ufficiali. Le atlete sono state reclutate e raggruppate in base alla fase del ciclo mestruale. Sono stati condotti tre studi e sono state individuate le fasi del ciclo mestruale grazie al “metodo del conteggio dei giorni”. Nell’ultimo studio, inoltre, sono stati abbinati al metodo del conteggio dei giorni le analisi ormonali eseguite su campioni di saliva. I parametri di carico esterno sono stati raccolti utilizzando il sistema GPS durante gli allenamenti e le partite. L'RPE (scala CR-10) è stato registrato per la quantificazione del carico interno ed è stato raccolto tra 15 e 30 minuti dopo ciascuna attività con un colloquio individuale e privato. Le informazioni su MCP, recupero TQR (scala CR-10), qualità del sonno, stress, fatica e dolore muscolare sono state registrate adottando un questionario mattutino. Nel primo studio le atlete sono state monitorate per 12 settimane durante l'allenamento. La corsa ad alta velocità e la distanza totale erano significativamente inferiori durante la settimana delle mestruazioni rispetto alla settimana post-ovulazione. È stata riscontrata una correlazione significativa nella settimana pre-ciclo tra RPE e distanza totale e tra session-RPE con distanza totale e tempo totale. Nel secondo studio le atlete sono state monitorate per tutta la stagione agonistica durante le partite. Distanza totale al minuto e distanza percorsa sopra 13 km/h erano significativamente superiori nella fase luteale, mentre l'accelerazione sopra 2.5 m·s-2 è risultata significativamente superiore nella fase mestruale. L'RPE ha riportato il valore più alto nella fase luteale. Il valore di stress più alto è stato riscontrato nella fase ovulatoria, mentre il valore di fatica più basso nella fase follicolare. Nel terzo studio le atlete sono state monitorate per 12 settimane durante l'allenamento e durante le partite. I campioni di saliva venivano raccolti ogni cinque giorni. Sono state coinvolte nell’ultima analisi solo le atlete che avevano completato tutti gli allenamenti e le partite che ricadevano in un ciclo mestruale completo. I risultati preliminari hanno dimostrato che è necessario un monitoraggio individuale per comprendere meglio l'interazione tra le fasi del ciclo mestruale e i parametri di prestazione. È necessario un monitoraggio del ciclo mestruale appropriato e personalizzato per una migliore interpretazione della risposta delle atlete in relazione al ciclo. Come riportato in studi precedenti, i cambiamenti ciclici di estrogeni e progesterone hanno importanti implicazioni sul modo in cui le calciatrici rispondono all’esercizio. Il carico interno, il carico esterno, il recupero e il benessere sembrano essere influenzati da questi cambiamenti. Comprendere questi cambiamenti è importante per la pianificazione dell’allenamento, la prevenzione degli infortuni e il benessere delle atlete.
Relationship between menstrual cycle phases and performance / Marco Lista - Roma. , 2024 May 06. 36. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2022/2023.
Relationship between menstrual cycle phases and performance
Lista, Marco
2024-05-06
Abstract
Hormonal fluctuation and symptoms related to different menstrual cycle phases (MCP) may influence performance in professional women soccer players. The aim of this research project was to investigate the effect of different menstrual cycle phases on physical performance parameters, RPE, TQR and Well-Being in professional women soccer players during training and during official matches. Professional women soccer players were recruited and grouped according to menstrual cycle phase. Three studies were conducted, and menstrual cycle phases were identified thanks to the “counting days method”. In the last study we linked the counting days method with hormonal analysis performed on saliva samples. External load parameters were collected using GPS system during both training and matches. RPE (CR-10 scale) was recorded for the quantification of internal load and was collected between 15 and 30 min after each activity with an individual and private interview. Information regarding MCP, recovery TQR (CR-10 scale), quality of sleep, stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness was recorded by adopting a morning survey. In the first study athletes were monitored for 12 weeks during training. High speed running and total distance were significantly lower during menstruation week than post-ovulation week. A significant correlation was found in pre-cycle week between RPE and total distance, as well as between session-RPE with total distance and total time. In the second study, athletes were monitored for entire competitive season during matches. The highest distance per minute and the covered distance above 13 Km·h-1 were reported in the luteal phase, whereas the highest acceleration above 2.5 m·s-2 as found in the menstrual phase. RPE reported the highest value in the luteal phase. The highest stress value was found in the ovulation phase, whereas the lowest fatigue value in the follicular phase. In the third study, athletes were monitored for 12 weeks during training and during matches. Saliva samples were collected every five days. Were involved in the final analysis only the athletes that had performed all the training and matches included in a menstrual cycle. Preliminary results showed that an individual monitoring is required for better understand the interaction between menstrual cycle phases and performance parameters. An appropriate and individualized menstrual cycle monitoring is required for better interpretation of players’ response in elite women’s soccer activities. as reported in previous studies, cyclic changes in estrogen and progesterone have important implications for how female soccer players respond to exercise. Internal load, external load, recovery and well-being seems to be affected by these changes. Understanding these changes is important for the training planification, injury prevention and welfare of athletes.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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