Iron supplementation in Sport activities

While the recommendation to pay particular attention in maintaining an adequate consumption iron would be always advisable in a dietary strategy, the use of iron supplements should be a cautious choice based on a careful hematological evaluation, mainly because of the possible health risks deriving from an unjustified treatment. With particular regard to the sport related supplementation, currently no standardized guidelines for iron administration are available and the decision if administrating or not oral iron in athletes is mainly based on empiric recommendations or on performance enhancing hopes. Recent studies have permitted to define a specific and sex-independent ferritin cut-off below which an oral iron supplementation is useful and advantageous and above which this practice would not be advisable because useless and potentially hazardous for the athlete's health. In fact, it is becoming scientifically clear that conditions characterized by a reduced transfer of dietary iron from duodenal enterocytes to plasma rises intracellular iron concentration. An oral iron supplementation in these conditions would be not only unnecessary but also potentially disadvantageous because of the likely side effects deriving from the increased intracellular iron concentration in the gastrointestinal tract including discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation. Such side effects gain even more importance in athletes because of the negative consequences on training capacity and performances that they imply. A scientifically based approach and a possible study of new parameters should always guide clinicians to define the real necessity of iron supplementation. This approach may reduce possible contraindications and side effects linked to improper iron supplementation. In fact, an incorrect supplementation may negatively affect the performance, rather than improve it.SciVal Topic Prominence Topic: Iron | Athletes | iron supplementationProminence percentile: 81.605 Author keywordsIronPhysical activitySide effectsSportSupplementationISSN: 02128799CODEN: AMDEFSource Type: JournalOriginal language: EnglishDocument Type: ReviewReferences (73)View in search results format All Export Print E-mail Save to PDF Create bibliography1DeMaeyer, E., Adiels-Tegman, M.The prevalence of anaemia in the world(1985) World Health Statistics Quarterly, 38 (3), pp. 302-316. Cited 707 times.Check SFX for full text2Anttila, R., Cook, J.D., Siimes, M.A.Body iron stores decrease in boys during pubertal development: The transferrin receptor-ferritin ratio as an indicator of iron status(1997) Pediatric Research, 41 (2), pp. 224-228. 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