The child in digital environment: the quest for a critical pedagogy of early childhood

In recent years, some sociologists and educationists have used the term Disneyization to describe a society in which the individual’s life is massively infl uenced by mass media, digital visual technologies, merchandising, and entertainment culture. In 1977, Italian psychologist Ezio Ponzo wrote a book entitled “The simplifi ed or non-existent child” in which he stressed how adults tend to understand and interpret the child by using simplifi ed schemes based on stereotypes and prejudices coming from mass media culture. Also, he demonstrated through ethnographic research how, in perceiving the body shape of their children, mothers were prejudiced by a certain idea of infancy infl uenced by Walt Disney’s characters and movies. There is no doubt that, actually, advertising culture and digital visual technologies infl uence the perception of infancy and the child in contemporary society. Contemporary children and early children use to spend much of their daily time immersed in a digital world, in which advertising aimed to hybrid consumption is mixed with the use of new digital and visual technologies. By using a neutral approach and interpretation about the current infl uence of the digital visual technologies and consumption culture on the individual, our paper aims to refl ect upon positive and negative characteristics of the world contemporary early children are immersed in. In so doing, we will use some data from two questionnaires administered to a group of mothers and young students aimed to detect their opinion about the infl uence of digital visual technologies and consumption culture on their children (in the case of the fi rst sample), and on the positive or negative eff ect about the use of these technologies when they were children (in the case of young students). In conclusion, we are going to sketch the principles of a socio-critical pedagogy aimed to analyze and fi nd a balance between both positive and negative eff ects of digital visual technologies and consumption culture on early childhood education by using its benefi ts for a better and neither stereotyped nor prejudiced perception of infancy in contemporary society.