Exercise, training, and the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in men

According to the type and duration, physical exercise may influence positively and negatively the secretion of hormones related to the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in males. Indeed, although acute exercise induces a rise in testosterone secretion, chronic, high-load/duration physical exercise reduces the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. This different response of sexual hormones in males to physical exercise and training influences sexual and spermatogenetic functions that might be improved, maintained, or impaired